I went down to the store today to check prices out. I can't say this is an average price, but it's what I found at the local cheapish supermarket.
Potatoes: 128 yen / 500g (17oz)
Rice: 2000 yen / 5 kg
Ground Beef/Pork Mix: 133 yen / 100g (3.6oz)
Sirloin Steak: 258 yen / 100g
Salmon (for sashimi) 158 yen / 100g
Soba Noodles: 280 / 4 servings (pretty big size)
Water Chestnuts: I couldn't find them either

Seaweed: 207 yen / 10 sheets
Milk: 198 yen / 1 L
Spinach: 118 yen / half a whatever spinach comes in...
Eggs: 198 yen / 10 eggs
Special notes on miso soup: It's pretty simple. You just need miso, which comes in a 1 kg tub, and miso soup
gu. I guess that would be ingredients in English. A 1kg tub of miso paste is 280 yen and a pack of 20 servings of
gu is 185 yen. The
gu is tofu, wakame seaweed, onions, and maybe some other little things. Anyway, miso is great stuff and really cheap.
Hope that helps.
John